@article{Schroeder2025,

title = {Understanding Aortic Dissection Hemodynamics: Evaluating Adapted Smoke Surfaces Against Streakline-Based Techniques},

author = {Aaron Schroeder and Kai Ostendorf and Kathrin Bäumler and Domenico Mastrodicasa and Dominik Fleischmann and Bernhard Preim and Holger Theisel and Gabriel Mistelbauer},

url = {https://www.vismd.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Schroeder2025.pdf

https://www.vismd.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Schroeder2025_plots.pdf

https://www.vismd.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Schroeder2025_results.xlsx},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-02},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proc. IEEE VIS 2025)},

volume = {33},

number = {1},

publisher = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proc. IEEE VIS 2025)},

abstract = {Aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease characterized by blood entering the media layer of the aortic vessel wall. This creates a second flow channel, known as the false lumen, which weakens the aortic wall and can potentially lead to fatal aortic rupture. Current risk stratification of aortic dissections is primarily based on morphological features of the aorta. However, hemodynamics also play a significant role in disease progression, though their investigation and visualization remain challenging. Common flow visualizations often experience visual clutter, especially when dealing with the intricate morphologies of aortic dissections. In this work, we implement and evaluate different approaches to visualizing the flow in aortic dissections effectively. We employ three techniques, namely streaklines with depth-dependent halos, transparent streaklines, and smoke surfaces. The latter is a technique based on streak surfaces, enhanced with opacity modulations, to produce a smoke-like appearance that improves visual clarity. We adapt the original opacity modulation of smoke surfaces to visualize flow even within the complex geometries of aortic dissections, thereby enhancing visual fidelity. To effectively capture dissection hemodynamics, we developed customized seeding structures that adapt to the shape of the surrounding lumen. Our evaluation, conducted via an online questionnaire, included medical professionals, fluid simulation experts, and visualization specialists. By analyzing results across these groups, we highlight differences in preference and interpretability, offering insight into domain-specific needs. No single visualization technique emerged as the best overall. Smoke surfaces provide the best overall clarity and visual realism. However, participants found streaklines with halos to be the best for quantifying flow, dispite them introducing significant visual clutter. Transparent streaklines serve as a middle ground, offering improved clarity over halos while maintaining some level of detail. Across all participant groups, smoke surfaces were rated as the most visually appealing and lifelike, with medical professionals highlighting their resemblance to contrast-agent injections used in clinical practice.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schroeder2024,

title = {Advanced visualization of aortic dissection anatomy and hemodynamics},

author = {Aaron Schroeder and Kai Ostendorf and Kathrin Bäumler and Domenico Mastrodicasa and Veit Sandfort and Dominik Fleischmann and Bernhard Preim and Gabriel Mistelbauer},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009784932400195X

https://www.vismd.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/1-s2.0-S009784932400195X-main.pdf},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2024.104060},

issn = {0097-8493},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-10-01},

journal = {Computers & Graphics 2024},

volume = {124},

pages = {104060},

abstract = {Aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease constituted by the delamination of the aortic wall. Due to the weakened structure of the false lumen, the aorta often dilates over time, which can – after certain diameter thresholds are reached – increase the risk of fatal aortic rupture. The identification of patients with a high risk of late adverse events is an ongoing clinical challenge, further complicated by the complex dissection anatomy and the wide variety among patients. Moreover, patient-specific risk stratification depends not only on morphological, but also on hemodynamic factors, which can be derived from computer simulations or 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, comprehensible visualizations that depict the complex anatomical and functional information in a single view are yet to be developed. These visualization tools will assist clinical research and decision-making by facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the aortic state. For that purpose, we identified several visualization tasks and requirements in close collaboration with cardiovascular imaging scientists and radiologists. We displayed true and false lumen hemodynamics using pathlines as well as surface hemodynamics on the dissection flap and the inner vessel wall. Pathlines indicate antegrade and retrograde flow, blood flow through fenestrations, and branch vessel supply. Dissection-specific hemodynamic measures, such as interluminal pressure difference and flap compliance, provide further insight of the blood flow throughout the cardiac cycle. Finally, we evaluated our visualization techniques with cardiothoracic and vascular surgeons in two separate virtual sessions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ostendorf2024,

title = {Synthetic surface mesh generation of aortic dissections using statistical shape modeling},

author = {Kai Ostendorf and Kathrin Bäumler and Domenico Mastrodicasa and Dominik Fleischmann and Bernhard Preim and Gabriel Mistelbauer},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009784932400205X

https://www.vismd.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/1-s2.0-S009784932400205X-main.pdf},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2024.104070},

issn = {0097-8493},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-10-01},

journal = {Computers & Graphics 2024},

volume = {124},

pages = {104070},

abstract = {Aortic dissection is a rare disease affecting the aortic wall layers splitting the aortic lumen into two flow channels: the true and false lumen. The rarity of the disease leads to a sparsity of available datasets resulting in a low amount of available training data for in-silico studies or the training of machine learning algorithms. To mitigate this issue, we use statistical shape modeling to create a database of Stanford type B dissection surface meshes. We account for the complex disease anatomy by modeling two separate flow channels in the aorta, the true and false lumen. Former approaches mainly modeled the aortic arch including its branches but not two separate flow channels inside the aorta. To our knowledge, our approach is the first to attempt generating synthetic aortic dissection surface meshes. For the statistical shape model, the aorta is parameterized using the centerlines of the respective lumen and the according ellipses describing the cross-section of the lumen while being aligned along the centerline employing rotation-minimizing frames. To evaluate our approach we introduce disease-specific quality criteria by investigating the torsion and twist of the true lumen.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Eulzer2022_CGF,

title = {Vessel Maps: A Survey of Map‐Like Visualizations of the Cardiovascular System},

author = {Pepe Eulzer and Monique Meuschke and Gabriel Mistelbauer and Kai Lawonn},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cgf.14576},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Computer Graphics Forum},

volume = {41},

number = {3},

pages = {645-673},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mistelbauer_2021_eurovis,

title = {Implicit Modeling of Patient-Specific Aortic Dissections with Elliptic Fourier Descriptors},

author = {Gabriel Mistelbauer and Christian Rössl and Kathrin Bäumler and Bernhard Preim and Dominik Fleischmann},

url = {https://diglib.eg.org/bitstream/handle/10.1111/cgf14318/v40i3pp423-434.pdf, PDF Download},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Computer Graphics Forum},

volume = {40},

number = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hettig_2018_IJCARS,

title = {AR in VR: assessing surgical augmented reality visualizations in a steerable virtual reality environment},

author = {Julian Hettig and Sandy Engelhardt and Christian Hansen and Gabriel Mistelbauer},

doi = {10.1007/s11548-018-1825-4},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-07-01},

journal = {International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery},

volume = {13},

number = {11},

pages = {1717--1725},

publisher = {Springer Nature America, Inc},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schmidt_2018_TVCG,

title = {Popup-Plots: Warping Temporal Data Visualization},

author = {Johanna Schmidt and Dominik Fleischmann and Bernhard Preim and N Brandle and Gabriel Mistelbauer},

doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2018.2841385},

issn = {1077-2626},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics},

pages = {1--1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kreiser_2018_CGF,

title = {A Survey of Flattening Based Medical Visualization Techniques},

author = {Julian Kreiser and Monique Meuschke and Gabriel Mistelbauer and Bernhard Preim and Timo Ropinski},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326312089_A_Survey_of_Flattening-Based_Medical_Visualization_Techniques#fullTextFileContent},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Computer Graphics Forum},

volume = {37 (3)},

pages = {597--624},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}